RF2GGP7N6–Colorized historical illustration of victims of plague.
RMT966E7–Visit by Napoleon Bonaparte to the plague victims of Jaffa, Egypt, in 1799. Patients surround Napoleon, in the courtyard of the hospital. Napoleon Bonaparte (August 15, 1769 - May 5, 1821) was a French military and political leader during the latter stages of the French Revolution. As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1815.
RMT965D4–Lieutenant Edward Hepenstall was as an officer of the Wicklow Militia regiment perfected the technique of half-hanging, suspending his victims by the neck over his shoulder. Half-hanging is a method of torture, usually inflicted to force information from the victim, in which a rope is pulled tightly around the victim's neck and then slackened when the victim becomes unconscious. The victim is revived and the process repeated.
RMT965D3–Half-hanging is a method of torture, usually inflicted to force information from the victim, in which a rope is pulled tightly around the victim's neck and then slackened when the victim becomes unconscious. The victim is revived and the process repeated. It was used by British Armed Forces in Ireland, most notably against suspected supporters of the Society of the United Irishmen after the failed 1798 rebellion.
RMT9652R–Victims were drowned in rivers, lakes and village pons, in boast and barrels, and even in bowls and saucepans. Sometimes he or she was tied up in a sack with a dozen cats. Trial by ordeal was an ancient judicial practice by which the guilt or innocence of the accused was determined by subjecting them to a painful, or at least an unpleasant, usually dangerous experience. The test was one of life or death and the proof of innocence was survival.
RMT9547J–'Testing of the Pit' was a method of torture applied to Christians. Victims were hung upside down with their heads in excrement. Under Toyotomi Hideyoshi and the succeeding Tokugawa shogunate (1600- 1868), Catholic Christianity was repressed and adherents were persecuted. During these times, many Christians were killed in Japan, some by crucifixion; most famously, the twenty-six martyrs of Japan were tortured and crucified on crosses outside Nagasaki to discourage Christianity in 1597.
RMT965CP–The thumbscrew is a torture instrument which was first used in medieval Europe. It is a simple vice, sometimes with protruding studs on the interior surfaces. The victim's thumbs or fingers were placed in the vice and slowly crushed. The thumbscrew was also applied to crush prisoners' big toes. The crushing bars were sometimes lined with sharp metal points to puncture the thumbs and inflict greater pain in the nail beds. Larger, heavier devices based on the same design principle were applied to crush feet and ears.
RM2DCD8DF–Great Plague of Marseille, 1720
RM2DCD87R–Great Plague of Marseille, 1720
RF2DCD7KX–Great Plague of London, 1665
RM2BDY12X–Black Death, Medieval Bubonic Plague
RMT9652D–Torturing of Jews in Granada accused by the inquisition as heretics and perpetrators of black magic. Amputation and tissue removal have long been used as forms of torture. Torturers commonly remove fingernails, teeth and digits from victims, but any body part could be a target. The Spanish Inquisition was established in 1480 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I.
RM2K15H4M–Demonstrators fill Boston Common in 1970 in sympathy for the victims of the Kent State Massacre on May 4th.
RMT96534–The rack is a torture device consisting of a rectangular, usually wooden frame, slightly raised from the ground, with a roller at one or both ends. The victim's ankles are fastened to one roller and the wrists are chained to the other. As the interrogation progresses, a handle and ratchet mechanism attached to the top roller are used to very gradually increase the tension on the chains, inducing excruciating pain.
RMT9652T–The rack is a torture device consisting of a rectangular, usually wooden frame, slightly raised from the ground, with a roller at one or both ends. The victim's ankles are fastened to one roller and the wrists are chained to the other. As the interrogation progresses, a handle and ratchet mechanism attached to the top roller are used to very gradually increase the tension on the chains, inducing excruciating pain.
RMT9547G–The rack is a torture device consisting of a rectangular, usually wooden frame, slightly raised from the ground, with a roller at one or both ends. The victim's ankles are fastened to one roller and the wrists are chained to the other. As the interrogation progresses, a handle and ratchet mechanism attached to the top roller are used to very gradually increase the tension on the chains, inducing excruciating pain.
RMT9653A–The rack is a torture device consisting of a rectangular, usually wooden frame, slightly raised from the ground, with a roller at one or both ends. The victim's ankles are fastened to one roller and the wrists are chained to the other. As the interrogation progresses, a handle and ratchet mechanism attached to the top roller are used to very gradually increase the tension on the chains, inducing excruciating pain.
RMT9659P–The strappado is a form of torture wherein the victim has his or her arms tied behind their back; a large rope is then tied to the wrists and passed over a pulley, beam, or a hook on the roof. The torturer pulls on this rope until the victim is hanging from the arms. Since the hands are tied behind the victim's back, this will cause a very intense pain and possible dislocation of the arms.
RMT9659N–The strappado is a form of torture wherein the victim has his or her arms tied behind their back; a large rope is then tied to the wrists and passed over a pulley, beam, or a hook on the roof. The torturer pulls on this rope until the victim is hanging from the arms. Since the hands are tied behind the victim's back, this will cause a very intense pain and possible dislocation of the arms.
RMT96597–The strappado is a form of torture wherein the victim has his or her arms tied behind their back; a large rope is then tied to the wrists and passed over a pulley, beam, or a hook on the roof. The torturer pulls on this rope until the victim is hanging from the arms. Since the hands are tied behind the victim's back, this will cause a very intense pain and possible dislocation of the arms.
RMT9653X–The term boot refers to a family of instruments of torture and interrogation variously designed to cause crushing injuries to the foot and/or leg. The boot has taken many forms in various places and times. Common varieties include the Spanish boot (sometimes referred to as scarpines) and the Malay boot. One type was made of four pieces of narrow wooden board nailed together. The boards were measured to fit the victim's leg.
RMT9658N–The term boot refers to a family of instruments of torture and interrogation variously designed to cause crushing injuries to the foot and/or leg. The boot has taken many forms in various places and times. Common varieties include the Spanish boot (sometimes referred to as scarpines) and the Malay boot. One type was made of four pieces of narrow wooden board nailed together. The boards were measured to fit the victim's leg.
RMT96528–The term 'death by sawing' indicates the act of sawing a living person in half. Most often the victim was suspended upside down, most of the blood will go to the head. The torturers would saw into the victim's crotch, all of the blood in the head will oxygenate the brain so that the victim will not pass out as one normally would under such excruciating pain. Typically, the saw would reach the victim's navel before unconsciousness would take hold, sometimes as far as the midriff.
RMT965CW–The term 'death by sawing' indicates the act of sawing a living person in half. Most often the victim was suspended upside down, most of the blood will go to the head. The torturers would saw into the victim's crotch, all of the blood in the head will oxygenate the brain so that the victim will not pass out as one normally would under such excruciating pain. Typically, the saw would reach the victim's navel before unconsciousness would take hold, sometimes as far as the midriff.
RMT9544K–Bas-relief of execution by elephant at Preah Khan (Royal Sword) a temple at Angkor, Cambodia, built in the 12th century. Execution by elephant was a common method of capital punishment in South and Southeast Asia, particularly in India, where Asian elephants were used to crush, dismember, or torture captives in public executions. The animals were trained and versatile, able to kill victims immediately or to torture them slowly over a prolonged period.
RMT965CF–Dripping blood from the stumps of their severed hands, Hispaniolans flee their tormentors, who let them live as examples to other Indians. Sometimes, said Las Cosos, the Spaniords hung the hands oround the victims' necks, saying, 'Go now, carry the message.' Bartolomé de las Casas (1484 - July 18, 1566) was a Spanish historian, social reformer and Dominican friar. He became the first resident Bishop of Chiapas, and the first officially appointed 'Protector of the Indians'.
RM2NH90RD–Vlad III dining among the impaled corpses of his victims. Engraving from 1500. Vlad III, commonly known as Vlad the Impaler or Vlad Dracula (1428/31 ,Ai 1476/77), was Voivode of Wallachia three times. He is often considered one of the most important rulers in Wallachian history and a national hero of Romania. Notorious for his cruelty, his patronymic inspired the name of Bram Stoker's literary vampire, Count Dracula.
RM2NH912X–Vlad III dining among the impaled corpses of his victims. Engraving from 1500. Vlad III, commonly known as Vlad the Impaler or Vlad Dracula (1428/31 ,Ai 1476/77), was Voivode of Wallachia three times. He is often considered one of the most important rulers in Wallachian history and a national hero of Romania. Notorious for his cruelty, his patronymic inspired the name of Bram Stoker's literary vampire, Count Dracula. Colorized.
RM2NH900D–Three illustrations relating to the influenza pandemic in Paris, from the cover of Le Petit Parisien, January, 1890: the interior and exterior of a special tent set up as a ward for the sick in the courtyard of the hospital; two men singing a song about influenza to a crowd; the distribution of clothes to families of victims. The 1889-1890 pandemic, often referred to as the Russian Flu, was one of the deadliest pandemics in history, killing one million people.
RM2DCD8BM–Plague of Ashdod
RM2BDXTGD–Stroke Therapy
RMT96GJ0–The plague of the Philistines at Ashdod. The elders of Israel decided to take the Ark out onto the battlefield to assist them against the Philistines, after being defeated at the battle of Eben-Ezer. The Ark was captured by the Philistines and Hophni and Phinehas were killed. The Philistines took the Ark to several places in their country, and at each place misfortune befell them. At Ashdod it was placed in the temple of Dagon.
RM2HJCJFE–Drawing of Death bringing cholera to soldiers during the First Balkan War (1912-13). Cover of Le Petit Journal, 1912. Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is spread mostly by water and food contaminated with human feces containing Vibrio cholerae. Originally thought to have been caused by 'foul air,' the real cause was identified by John Snow between 1849 and 1854.
RM2HJCM4G–Drawing of Death bringing cholera to soldiers during the First Balkan War (1912-13). Cover of Le Petit Journal, 1912. Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is spread mostly by water and food contaminated with human feces containing Vibrio cholerae. Originally thought to have been caused by 'foul air,' the real cause was identified by John Snow between 1849 and 1854.
RM2HJCMAG–Cholera as Death emanating a deadly black cloud that kills soldiers on both sides of the battlefield. From McLean's Monthly Sheet of Caricatures, October 1st, 1831. Illustration by Robert Seymour (1798-1836). The miasma theory held that diseases such as cholera were caused by a miasma, a noxious form of bad air. In reality, cholera was caused by the consumption of water or food containing the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
RMT96GJ4–The plague of the Philistines at Ashdod. The elders of Israel decided to take the Ark out onto the battlefield to assist them against the Philistines, after being defeated at the battle of Eben-Ezer. The Ark was captured by the Philistines and Hophni and Phinehas were killed. The Philistines took the Ark to several places in their country, and at each place misfortune befell them. At Ashdod it was placed in the temple of Dagon.
RMT96GHW–The Plague of Athens was an epidemic that devastated the city-state of Athens in ancient Greece during the second year of the Peloponnesian War (430 BC) when an Athenian victory still seemed within reach. It is believed to have entered Athens through Piraeus, the city's port and sole source of food and supplies. Thucydides states that people ceased fearing the law since they felt they were already living under a death sentence. Likewise, people started spending money indiscriminately.
RMT9547W–An Inquisition torture chamber where one victim is tied up and suspended from a pulley while being interrogated by two scribes, while another victim is suspended from the ceiling and lowered onto a spike with his rectum. The Inquisition was a group of institutions within the government system of the Catholic Church whose aim was to combat heresy. It started in 12th century France to combat religious sectarianism, in particular the Cathars and the Waldensians.
RMT9547P–A torture chamber of the Inquisition. Priest supervising his scribe while men and women are suspended from pulleys, tortured on the rack or burnt with torches. The Inquisition was a group of institutions within the government system of the Catholic Church whose aim was to combat heresy. It started in 12th century France to combat religious sectarianism, in particular the Cathars and the Waldensians.
RF2DCDAKB–Sailors Decorate Pearl Harbor Graves, 1941
RM2F62CRA–Sailors Decorate Pearl Harbor Graves, 1941
RMT96GHT–Disposal of the dead, under police supervision during a cholera epidemic in Japan. The third cholera pandemic mainly affected Russia, with over one million deaths. In 1852, cholera spread east to Indonesia, and later was carried to China and Japan in 1854. The Philippines were infected in 1858 and Korea in 1859. In 1859, an outbreak in Bengal contributed to transmission of the disease by travelers and troops to Iran, Iraq, Arabia and Russia.
RMT9548B–Various forms of mutilation and torture including scourging, beheading, burning, hanging, drowning, quartering, the cutting off of hands and ears, and the breaking on the rack. Medieval and early modern European courts used torture, depending on the crime of the accused and his or her social status.
RM2BDY0X3–Great Plague of London, 1665
RM2F6228X–Medieval Inquisition, Torture Chamber
RM2BDYP69–Spanish Inquisition, Torture Chamber
RMT965A0–Two Dominican monks burned at the stake by order of the Inquisition for allegedly signing pacts with the devil. The Spanish Inquisition was established in 1480 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I. It was intended to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms and to replace the Medieval Inquisition, which was under Papal control. The Inquisition was originally intended primarily to ensure the orthodoxy of those who converted from Judaism and Islam.
RM2BDYP50–Spanish Inquisition, Torture Chamber
RMT9652J–The Spanish Inquisition was established in 1480 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I. It was intended to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms and to replace the Medieval Inquisition, which was under Papal control. The Inquisition was originally intended primarily to ensure the orthodoxy of those who converted from Judaism and Islam.
RMT95489–An auto-da-fé of the Spanish Inquisition held in a church. An auto-da-fé (act of faith) was the ritual of public penance of condemned heretics and apostates that took place when the Inquisitiors had decided their punishment, followed by the execution by the civil authorities of the sentences imposed. The most extreme punishment imposed on those convicted was execution by burning. The Spanish Inquisition was established in 1480 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I.
RMT9652H–Protestants and Jews accused of heresy and witchcraft being burned alive. The Spanish Inquisition was established in 1480 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I. It was intended to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms and to replace the Medieval Inquisition, which was under Papal control. The Inquisition was originally intended primarily to ensure the orthodoxy of those who converted from Judaism and Islam.
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